Early Warning Signs
2024
"Countries at Risk for Intrastate Mass Killing 2024–25: Early Warning Project Statistical Risk Assessment Results" (PDF), Early Warning Project, December 2024
"An Uncertain Future: Preventing Mass Atrocities in Uganda" (PDF) Dr. Ashleigh Landau, October 2024
"'A perfect storm is gathering': Risk of Mass Atrocities in South Sudan" (PDF), November 2024
2022
“Countries at Risk for Mass Killing 2022-2023: Statistical Risk Assessment Results” (PDF), Early Warning Project, November 2022
“Don’t Abandon Us”: Preventing Mass Atrocities in Papua, Indonesia, July 2022; Unduh laporan dalam bahasa Indonesia (“Jangan Abaikan Kami”: Mencegah Kekejaman Massal di Papua, Indonesia)
“Taking Stock of Early Warning for Atrocity Prevention: Report from the 2021 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention” (PDF), February 2022
2021
“Countries at Risk for Mass Killing 2021-2022: Statistical Risk Assessment Results” (PDF), Early Warning Project, November 2021
“Risk of Mass Atrocities against the Rohingya Post-coup” (PDF), Kyra Fox, August 2021
“2021 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention: Rapporteur's Reports” (PDF), Mollie Zapata and Tahlia Mullen, June 2021
“Risk of Mass Atrocities in Mozambique” (PDF), Mollie Zapata, May 2021
“Expert Meeting on Assessing Atrocity Risk in Northwest and Southwest Cameroon: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Alex Vandermaas-Peeler, April 2021
“The Future of Mass Atrocities and Atrocity Prevention: Report from the 2020 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention” (PDF), February 2021
“2020 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention: Rapporteur's Reports” (PDF), Alex Vandermaas-Peeler, February 2021
“2020 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention: Background Memos” (PDF), February 2021
2020
“Countries at Risk for Mass Killing 2020-2021: Statistical Risk Assessment Results” (PDF), Early Warning Project, December 2020
“Efforts to Ensure a Peaceful Presidential Election in Côte d’Ivoire in October 2020” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Arsène Brice Bado, Centre de Recherche et d'Action pour la Paix, September 2020
“Risk for Mass Atrocities in Cameroon” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Kyra Fox and Andrea Gittleman, June 2020
“The Private Sector and Atrocity Prevention: Lessons from Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010-11 Electoral Crisis and the Role of the Business Community in Preventing Violence in 2020” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Mollie Zapata, March 2020
2019
“Countries at Risk for Mass Killing 2019-2020: Statistical Risk Assessment Results” (PDF), Early Warning Project, November 2019
“Election Uncertainty: Preventing Atrocity Crimes in Côte d’Ivoire” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Arsène Brice Bado and Mollie Zapata, July 2019
2018
“Regions At Risk: Preventing Mass Atrocities In Mali” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Ibrahim Yahaya Ibrahim and Mollie Zapata, April 2018
“Countries at Risk for Mass Killings 2018–19: Early Warning Project Statistical Risk Assessment Results,” Early Warning Project, 2018
“Relative Risks of Mass Killing Onset in 2018: Results from a Comparison Survey,” Early Warning Project, 2018
2017
“Breaking Cycles of Distrust: Preventing Mass Atrocities in Bangladesh” (PDF), Early Warning Project, November, 2017
2016
“Scenarios Of Repression: Preventing Mass Atrocities In Zimbabwe” (PDF), Early Warning Project, November 2016
“Dangerous Speech in Central Mali: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Dogon-Fulani Relationship” (PDF), Ibrahim Abdoul Hayou Cisse, October 2016
“State of the World: Mass Killing in 2016,” Early Warning Project, 2016
“Defusing Hate: A Strategic Communication Guide to Counteract Dangerous Speech,” 2016
2015
“'They Want Us All To Go Away': Early Warning Signs of Genocide in Burma” (PDF), May 2015
“Which Countries Are Most Likely to Suffer Onsets of State-Led Mass Killing in 2015? A Statistical Risk Assessment,” Early Warning Project, 2015
“Countering Dangerous Speech, Protecting Free Speech: Practical Strategies to Prevent Genocide” (PDF), 2015
Atrocity Prevention Policy
2024
"Increasing the Policy-Relevance of Research on Atrocity Prevention Strategies and Tools: Toward a 10-year Collaborative Research Program" (PDF) Rapporteur's Report, June 2024
“Mass Atrocities beyond Mass Killing – A New Voices in National Security Roundtable Report” (PDF), Tallan Donine, in partnership with Bridging the Gap, May 2024
2023
"Atrocity Prevention: Tools and Strategies – A New Voices in National Security Workshop Report" (PDF), Laurel Holley, in partnership with Bridging the Gap, November 2023
“A Strategic Framework for Helping Prevent Mass Atrocities” (PDF), Lawrence Woocher, September 2023
“Improving the Use of Lessons Learned and Other Evidence for Atrocity Prevention in the US Department of State” (PDF), Tallan Donine, Julia Fromholz, and Lawrence Woocher, September 2023
"Policy Options for Preventing Mass Atrocities in Afghanistan" (PDF) Summary Report from Atrocity Prevention Workshop. Joint publication of the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide and the United States Institute of Peace, August 2023
“Social Media, Mass Atrocities, and Atrocity Prevention” (PDF) Background Paper for the 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine and Daniel Solomon, April 2023
“Social Media Platforms, the Risks of Mass Atrocities, and Opportunities for Atrocity Prevention” (PDF) Rapporteur's Report for the 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine, April 2023
“Using Targeted Sanctions to Help Prevent Mass Atrocities” (PDF), January 2023
2022
“Mass Atrocities in Ukraine: Assessing Risks of Significant Escalation: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Daniel Solomon, October 2022
2021
“Bridging the Regional-functional Divide in the US Atrocity Prevention Policy: Rapporteur's Report“ (PDF), Tallan Donine, September 2021
2020
“Burma’s 2020 Elections and Ongoing Atrocity Risks Facing the Rohingya Population”(PDF), October 2020
“Practical Prevention: How the Genocide Convention’s Obligation to Prevent Applies to Myanmar, Report #2”(PDF), Erin Rosenberg, October 2020
“Efforts to Ensure a Peaceful Presidential Election in Côte d’Ivoire in October 2020” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Arsène Brice Bado, Centre de Recherche et d'Action pour la Paix, September 2020
“[How] Do External Actors Support Civilian-led Atrocity Prevention?” (PDF), Riva Kantowitz and Kyra Fox, July 2020
“Practical Prevention: How the Genocide Convention’s Obligation to Prevent Applies to Myanmar, Report #1” (PDF), Erin Rosenberg, May 2020
“Lessons Learned in Preventing and Responding to Atrocities: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Alexandra Hall, January 2020
2019
“By Any Other Name: How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations” (PDF), Todd F. Buchwald and Adam Keith, April 2019
2018
“From Independence to Civil War: Atrocity Prevention and US Policy toward South Sudan” (PDF), Jon Temin, July 2018
“Atrocity Prevention Under the Obama Administration: What We Learned and the Path Ahead” (PDF), Stephen Pomper, February 2018
“Fighting Fire with Fire: The Growing Nexus between Atrocity Prevention and Counterterrorism and Its Implications for the Use of Force to Protect Civilians” (PDF), Colin Thomas-Jensen, February 2018
“The 'Responsibility to Protect' and International Development: Connecting the Atrocity-Prevention and Fragile-States Agendas” (PDF), David Yang, February 2018
2017
“Protecting Syrian Civilians: The Road Not Taken” (PDF), Ambassador Frederic C. Hof, December 2017
“Genocide in Syria: Could the United States Have Prevented It?” (PDF), FREE-Syria, December 2017
“Critical Junctures in US Policy toward Syria: An Assessment of the Counterfactuals” (PDF), Mona Yacoubian, August 2017
“Subsidizing Rebels, Taxing Atrocities: Saving Lives in Civil Wars” (PDF), Andrew H. Kydd, August 2017
“An Agent-Based Model of Counterfactual Opportunities for Reducing Atrocities in Syria, 2011–2014” (PDF), Ian Lustick, Miguel Garces, and Thomas McCauley, August 2017
“Evaluating Counterfactual US Policy Action in Syria, 2011–2016: A Review of Empirical Evidence from Related Cases” (PDF), Daniel Solomon, August 2017
“A Survey of Expert Judgments on the Effects of Counterfactual US Actions on Civilian Fatalities in Syria, 2011–2016” (PDF), Lawrence Woocher, August 2017
“Allies Against Atrocities: The Imperative for Transatlantic Cooperation to Prevent and Stop Mass Killings,” Lee Feinstein and Tod Lindberg, March 2017
2016
“The Obama Administration And The Struggle To Prevent Atrocities In The Central African Republic” (PDF), Charles Brown, November 2016
“Communities at Risk: Protecting Civilians In The Fight Against The Islamic State” (PDF), Naomi Kikoler, October 2016
“An Essential Agenda for the Next UN Secretary-General” Richard Gowan, Lawrence Woocher, and Daniel Solomon, September 2016
“An Assessment of USG Atrocity Prevention Training Programs” (PDF), Charles J. Brown, January 2016
2015
“International Decision Making in the Age of Genocide: Srebrenica 1993–1995” (PDF), Rapporteur's Report, June 2015
2014
“Atrocity Prevention at the Crossroads: Assessing the President’s Atrocity Prevention Board after Two Years” (PDF), James P. Finkel, September 2014
“International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Rwanda 1990-1994” (PDF), Rapporteur's Report, June 2014
2013
“The United States and R2P: From Words to Action” (PDF), Madeleine Albright and Richard Williamson, July 2013
“Policy Strategies and Tools for Preventing Mass Atrocities Perpetrated by Non-state Actors” (PDF), Edward C. Luck, June 2016
“Tools and Strategies to Prevent Mass Atrocities Committed by Violent Extremist Organizations” (PDF), Shannon N. Green, May 2016
2008
“Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers” (PDF), Madeleine K. Albright and William S. Cohen, December 2008
Dynamics of Mass Atrocities
2024
"Leveraging Social Media for Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention: Understanding the Digital Toolbox." (PDF) Shannon Raj Singh, November 2024
"What Could Changing Conflict Dynamics Mean for the Risk of Mass Atrocities in Burma?" (PDF), Andrea Gittleman and Denise-Nicole Stone, April 2024
“Climate Change, Response, and Mass Atrocities” (PDF) Rapporteur's Report for the October 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine, January 2024
“Climate Change, Response, and Mass Atrocities” (PDF) Background Paper for the October 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine, Madeleine Maclean, and Daniel Solomon, January 2024
2020
“Social Media, Mass Atrocities, and Atrocity Prevention.” (PDF) Background Paper for the 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine and Daniel Solomon, April 2023
“Social Media Platforms, the Risks of Mass Atrocities, and Opportunities for Atrocity Prevention.” (PDF) Rapporteur's Report for the 2023 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention. Tallan Donine, April 2023
“Building Relationships, Building Peace: The Role of Civilians and Civil Society in Preventing Mass Atrocities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo” (PDF), Congo Research Group, July 2020
“Preventing Atrocities in a State Unwilling to Address its Past: The Role of Civilians and Civil Society in Sri Lanka” (PDF), Anushani Alagarajah, Dharsha Jegatheeswaran, and Laxana Paskaran, Adayaalam Centre for Policy Research, July 2020
“Strategic Peacebuilding: The Role of Civilians and Civil Society in Preventing Mass Atrocities in South Sudan” (PDF), Nyathon H. Mai, The Sudd Institute, July 2020
“The Role of Civilians and Civil Society in Preventing Mass Atrocities” (PDF), Zachariah Mampilly with Daniel Solomon, Anushani Alagarajah, Dharsha Jegatheeswaran, Nyathon H. Mai, and Congo Research Group, July 2020
“A Source of Escalation or a Source of Restraint? Whether and How Civil Society Affect Mass Killings” (PDF), Erica Chenoweth and Evan Perkoski, July 2020
“[How] Do External Actors Support Civilian-led Atrocity Prevention?” (PDF), Riva Kantowitz and Kyra Fox, July 2020
“Risk for Mass Atrocities in Cameroon” (PDF), Download Report in French (Télécharger le rapport en Français), Kyra Fox and Andrea Gittleman, June 2020
2019
“Research Workshop on the Role of Civilians in Preventing and Mitigating Mass Atrocities: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Jamie Wise, July 2019
2018
“Is the Worst Yet to Come? Ongoing Mass Atrocity Risks in Syria” (PDF), Download Report in Arabic (تحميل التقرير بالعربية), Naomi Kikoler and Janelle Roberts, March 2018
“Advancing Knowledge on the Role of Civilians in Preventing and Mitigating Mass Atrocities: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Daniel Solomon and Mollie Zapata, March 2018
“Understanding Nonstate Actor Behavior: The Determinants of Mass Atrocities” (PDF), Cyanne E. Loyle, February 2018
2016
“Taking Stock: Empirical Patterns and Risk Modeling of Terrorism” (PDF), Joseph K. Young, June 2016
“Advancing Research on Mass Atrocities Perpetrated by Non-state Actors: Rapporteur’s Report” (PDF), Daniel Solomon, June 2016
“Advancing Research on Mass Atrocities Perpetrated by Non-state Actors: Conceptual Issues” (PDF), Lawrence Woocher, May 2016
“Trends in One-sided Violence by Non-state Actors” (PDF), Kristine Eck and Lisa Hultman, May 2016
Bearing Witness to Mass Atrocities
2021
“‘To Make Us Slowly Disappear’: The Chinese Government’s Assault on the Uyghurs” (PDF), November 2021
2017
“‘They Tried to Kill Us All’: Atrocity Crimes Against Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State” (PDF), Bearing Witness Report, November 2017
2016
“Communities at Risk: Protecting Civilians In The Fight Against The Islamic State” (PDF), Naomi Kikoler, October 2016
2015
“‘Our Generation is Gone’: The Islamic State’s Targeting of Iraqi Minorities in Ninewa” (PDF), Naomi Kikoler, November 2015
2014
“Syria Bearing Witness Trip,” Mike Abramowitz, February 2014
“A New Approach to Detecting Mass Human Rights Violations Using Satellite Imagery” (PDF), Andrew J. Marx, September 2013
2010
“Sudan at the Crossroads: A Report on the Museum’s Bearing Witness Trip” (PDF), Mike Abramowitz and Andrew Natsios, October 2010
Justice and Accountability
2024
"Social Bonds: A Lifeline for Atrocity Victims" (PDF), Ambassador David Scheffer, Dr. Caroline Kaeb, and Madeline Babin, September 2024
2023
"A Way Forward for Justice and Accountability in Ethiopia" (PDF), Ambassador Stephen Rapp, November 2023
2022
“Justice Options for Ethiopia” (PDF), Sarah McIntosh, October 2022
“International Legal Options for Prevention and Justice in Ukraine” (PDF), Download the Report in Ukrainian (Міжнародно-правові можливості попередження злочинів та правосуддя в Україні), or Download the Report in Russian, (Международно-правовые возможности предотвращения преступлений и правосудие в Украине), March 2022
2021
“Human Rights Investigations in Ethiopia and Paths Forward for Justice: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Isabelle Turner and Tallan Donine, November 2021
“Pursuing Justice for Mass Atrocities: A Handbook for Victim Groups,” Sarah McIntosh, March 2021
2020
“Practical Prevention: How the Genocide Convention’s Obligation to Prevent Applies to Myanmar, Report #2” (PDF), Erin Rosenberg, October 2020
“Practical Prevention: How the Genocide Convention’s Obligation to Prevent Applies to Myanmar, Report #1” (PDF), Erin Rosenberg, May 2020
2019
“Lessons Learned from the First Generation of UN Investigative Mechanisms for Future Criminal Accountability: Considerations for CSO engagement with the United Nations Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar” (PDF), Ferencz International Justice Initiative, September 2019
“2019 Sudikoff Interdisciplinary Seminar on Genocide Prevention: Rapporteur's Report” (PDF), Amanda McCaffrey and Andrew More, June 2019
“The Role of Justice in Preventing Mass Atrocities: Evolving Debates and New Directions” (PDF), Kyra Fox, June 2019
“By Any Other Name: How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations,” Todd F. Buchwald and Adam Keith, April 2019
This Section
Find information on historical cases of genocide and other atrocities.